K. Bagwell et Rw. Staiger, THE SENSITIVITY OF STRATEGIC AND CORRECTIVE RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN OLIGOPOLISTIC INDUSTRIES, Journal of international economics, 36(1-2), 1994, pp. 133-150
We evaluate the case for R&D subsidies in export sectors when the outc
ome of R&D is uncertain and the product market is oligopolistic. When
R&D reduces expected costs in the particular sense of first-order stoc
hastic dominance, a national strategic basis for R&D subsidies exists,
whether firms choose prices or quantities. This must be balanced agai
nst a corrective incentive to tax R&D whenever the number of domestic
firms exceeds one. However, when R&D increases the riskiness of the co
st distribution as well, the results may switch: there emerges a strat
egic incentive to tax and a corrective incentive to subsidize R&D.