RECENT PROGRESS IN THE EYE IRRITATION TEST

The rabbit eye irritation rest based on the Draize method is required for the hazard assessment of chemicals and products that may come into contact with the eye. Due to the potential for the suffering of anima ls and subjectivity of the test, many modifications of the method have been made that involved a reduction in the number of animals and a re finement of techniques. Additionally, there has been significant devel opment of in vitro alternatives. This paper reviews recent advances in the in vivo test and in vitro alternatives, as well as regulatory req uirements. While the refinement of in vivo protocols has resulted in a reduction in the number and discomfort on animals, the development of in vitro alternatives could lead to an eventual replacement of animal studies. In view of the inherent simplicity of many in vitro methods, some of which comprise cell cultures, further research into the relev ance/mechanism of effects is required. Batteries of in vitro tests, wh en properly validated, may be considered as replacements for animal te sting.