Of a population of 100 Swedish thalidomide embryopathy cases, at least
four met full criteria for DSM-III-R autistic disorder and ICD-10 chi
ldhood autism. Thalidomide embryopathy of the kind encountered in thes
e cases affects fetal development early in pregnancy, probably on days
20 to 24 after conception. It is argued that the possible association
of thalidomide embryopathy with autism may shed some light on the iss
ue of which neural circuitries may be involved in autism pathogenesis.