PICK-UP SYSTEMS FOR VIBRATING SAMPLE MAGNETOMETERS - A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION BASED ON MAGNETIC MULTIPOLE EXPANSIONS

It is quantitatively analysed how the voltage induced in a pick-up coi l is related to arbitrarily (i.e. non-uniformly) magnetized samples, a rbitrarily large vibration amplitude and arbitrary direction of vibrat ion. The influence of errors in the position and in the vibration dire ction of the sample on the measured magnetization is discussed, and a well known criterion, commonly used to minimize sample position errors , is generalized. Moreover we propose compensated coil pairs, which ar e insensitive to either spurious vibrations or to power line pick-up. We also outline a system which realizes a true vector measurement of t he three dipole moments as well as a measurement of three of the five quadrupole moments.