V. Lopezavila et al., USING SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION AND ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS TO DETERMINE PESTICIDES IN SOILS, TrAC. Trends in analytical chemistry, 13(3), 1994, pp. 118-126
We used supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to extract pesticides fro
m soil samples; the extraction recoveries with supercritical fluids we
re comparable to those achieved with conventional Soxhlet and sonicati
on techniques. For polar and thermally labile pesticides, extraction w
ith supercritical fluids combined with enzyme immunoassays allowed for
faster extraction and analysis, fewer sample preparation steps (no ne
ed for extract cleanup and concentration), and more sensitive and sele
ctive analyses. We discuss the use of SFE to extract alachlor, atrazin
e, captan, carbofuran, metolachlor, and 2,4-D from freshly spiked tops
oil samples containing up to 10% humic acid by weight, and subsequent
analysis by enzyme immunoassays.