Lg. Reyna et Jr. Sobehart, DYNAMICS OF CONFINED IONS DRIVEN BY LIGHT-BEAMS - A SINGULAR PERTURBATION APPROACH, Physical review. A, 49(3), 1994, pp. 1629-1636
The probability distribution of a two-level ion confined in a time-dep
endent nonlinear trapping field and driven by a radiation field is cal
culated using an alternative treatment based on a singular asymptotic
expansion. It is assumed that the ion is excited by electromagnetic ra
diation and relaxes back irreversibly by spontaneous emission. The pre
sent calculations reproduce the quantum results of the laser cooling o
f ions in static traps in the heavy-particle limit, and previous class
ical treatments for the confinement and cooling of ions in radio-frequ
ency traps.