RETROGRADE EJACULATION

Retrograde ejaculation is an uncommon cause of male infertility. It sh ould be suspected in any case of azoospermia, and might be congenital, acquired or idiopathic in origin. When pharmacological attempts to re store anterograde ejaculation fail, it is suggested that spermatozoa s hould be recovered from post-ejaculation urine to be applied in one of the modern techniques of assisted reproduction. The successful recove ry of viable spermatozoa from the urine is dependent upon careful regu lation of pH and osmolarity of the urine at the time of ejaculation. C areful handling of the retrieved spermatozoa enables isolation of sper m cells with good quality for insemination of ovulated oocytes (in viv o) or retrieved oocytes (in vitro).