The use of imagery processes in the regulation and enhancement of spor
ts performance is examined in this review paper. Research studies in t
his area are reviewed and four general categories of research are iden
tified: 1) mental practice, 2) precompetition imagery, 3) comparisons
of successful and unsuccessful competitors, and 4) mediating variables
. The conclusion is reached that mental practice research has produced
equivocal results and the reasons for this are examined. The argument
is made that the mental practice model for research into imagery proc
esses in sports is nonproductive. Suggestions for future research dire
ctions are offered and guidelines for productive imagery research in s
port are provided.