INSERTION OF A NOVEL DNA-SEQUENCE, IS-1186, UPSTREAM OF THE SILENT CARBAPENEMASE GENE CFIA, PROMOTES EXPRESSION OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANCE INCLINICAL ISOLATES OF BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS
I. Podglajen et al., INSERTION OF A NOVEL DNA-SEQUENCE, IS-1186, UPSTREAM OF THE SILENT CARBAPENEMASE GENE CFIA, PROMOTES EXPRESSION OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANCE INCLINICAL ISOLATES OF BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS, Molecular microbiology, 12(1), 1994, pp. 105-114
A small number of isolates of Bacteroides fragilis, an anaerobic patho
gen of the human intestinal flora, carries a copy (or copies) of the c
arbapenem-resistance gene, cfiA, which may be silent or expressed. We
have studied the mechanism of activation of the frequently silent gene
in in vitro-selected mutants and in clinical isolates. In both types
of strains, activation was observed as the consequence of the insertio
n, at several possible sites, of a novel 1.3 kb insertion sequence, IS
1186, immediately upstream of the carbapenemase gene. IS1186 has two o
pen reading frames, on opposite strands, with coding capacities for a
41.2 kDa (ORF1) and a 22.5 kDa (ORF2) protein. The 41.2 kDa protein ha
s homology with some proteins predicted from open reading frames of IS
elements or DNA direct repeats of aerobic, but not anaerobic, Gram-ne
gative bacteria. Upon insertion, transcription of cfiA was found to be
driven from a promoter identified on the right end of IS1186. In one
instance, insertion occurred into the putative ribosome-binding site o
f cfiA, leaving intact the tetranucleotide AGAA which is concluded to
be a fully functional ribosome-binding site. Between 3 and 14 copies o
f IS 1186 were detected per genome and the element was found, within t
he species B. fragilis, almost exclusively in the subgroup carrying th
e cfiA gene.