ALTERATION IN THE PROPORTION OF CD4 T-LYMPHOCYTES IN A SUBGROUP OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-EXPOSED-UNINFECTED CHILDREN

Objective. The age-related changes in the proportion of CD4 and CD8 ly mphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative children born to HIV-infected mothers (seroreverters) were compared with the ch anges in these lymphocyte subsets in children born to seronegative wom en to assess a possible effect of exposure to HIV without infection. D esign. There were 146 seroreverter and 72 seronegative children. The m edian CD4 and CD8 percentages for each of these two groups of children were compared retrospectively at 3-month intervals from birth through 27 months and at a tenth interval for the time beyond 27 months. The weighted average of the within-subject rate of change of CD4 and CD8 p ercentages were also compared between the two groups. Finally, for eac h subject, the proportion of the subject's CD4 percentage assays which were <10th percentile of the entire study population (30%) was calcul ated, and the distributions of the subject-specific proportions were t hen compared between the seronegative and seroreverter groups using th e Wilcoxon rank sum test. The proportion of CD8 assays <10th percentil e (12%) or >90th percentile (26%) were also computed for each subject, and the distributions of the proportions were compared similarily. Re sults. The median CD4 percentage for seroreverter children was lower t han that for the seronegative children at every interval from birth th rough 27 months and for the last interval for values obtained at great er than 27 months, although the comparison was statistically significa nt only at the 4- to 6-month period. The weighted average of the withi n-subject rate of change of CD4 percentage was -0.09 and -3.0 per year (P = .04), and of CD8 percentage was 1.3 and 1.0 (P = .67), for the s eroreverter and seronegative children, respectively. There were signif icantly more children in the seroreverter group than in the seronegati ve group who had repeated assays in which the CD4 percentage was <10th percentile for age (P < .00005). In addition, there was a subset of 1 0 seroreverter children (6.8%) who had CD4 percentages <30% on >50% of their assays, as compared with only one (1.4%) seronegative child. Th e proportion of CD8 assays <10th percentile or >90th percentile were n ot significantly different between the two groups of children. Conclus ions. The CD4 proportions were persistently lower in the seroreverter than in the seronegative population, although only reaching statistica l significance in 1 of 10 3-month intervals. This finding may be due t o a subgroup of seroreverter children who have persistently low CD4 ly mphocyte percentages.