This revised synopsis of the taxa of Euphorbiaceae recognizes, and pro
vides keys to, 5 subfamilies, 49 tribes, and 317 genera. Two new tribe
s, Croizatieae and Podocalyceae, are proposed, as well as four new sub
tribes, Leptopinae, Podocalycinae, Pycnocominae, and Tetracoccinae; fi
ve taxa are reduced to subtribal status. One genus (Ophellantha) is re
duced to a section; 14 new binomial combinations are proposed. Lectoty
pifications are provided for almost all taxa not previously typified.