Vy. Tyutin et al., A NOVEL 3-COMPONENT REACTION OF 1,1-DICYANO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)ETHYLENES, PRIMARY ARYLAMINES, AND KETONES, Russian chemical bulletin, 42(3), 1993, pp. 512-521
1,1-Dicyano-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene and 3,3-dicyano-2-(triflu
oromethyl)acrylates react with primary arylamines in the presence of k
etones to form 1,1-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives under mild con
ditions. The mechanism of this three-component reaction includes the f
ormation of Schiff's bases as intermediates. 1,4-Dihydropyridine deriv
atives, which are the products of three-component heterocyclization, w
ere also obtained by reaction the corresponding Schiff's bases with 1,
1-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethylenes.