Rejection times of heart xenografts in several donor-recipient combina
tions including the guinea pig, rat, hamster, and mouse are examined i
n light of the paleontological history of rodents and the resulting ph
ylogenetic distances between taxa. This multidisciplinary review at th
e molecular, chromosomal and morphological levels suggests that xenogr
aft rejection time is inversely proportional to the time divergence or
phylogenetic distance, and that the binomial terminology concordant/d
iscordant does not reflect the amplitude of phylogenetic distances.