Ma. Dubick et Ce. Wade, A REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF 7.5-PERCENT NACL 6-PERCENT DEXTRAN-70 IN EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS AND IN HUMANS, The journal of trauma, injury, infection, and critical care, 36(3), 1994, pp. 323-330
Recent years have seen a renewed interest in the use of hypertonic-hyp
eroncotic solutions as plasma volume expanders for the treatment of he
morrhagic hypotension. In particular, a number of studies in experimen
tal animals have addressed the efficacy and safety of small-volume inf
usions of 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran 70 (HSD). Employing models of fixed vol
ume or fixed pressure hemorrhage, HSD has improved survival and revers
ed many of the hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic abnormalities asso
ciated with hemorrhagic shock. In the few human field trials completed
to date, HSD has been shown to be potentially beneficial in hypotensi
ve trauma patients who require surgery or have concomitant head injury
.Extensive toxicologic evaluations and lack of reports of adverse effe
cts in the human trials indicate that, at the proposed therapeutic dos
e of 4 mL/kg, HSD should present little risk.