CONVECTION INDUCED BY AN INCLINED TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT IN A SHALLOW HORIZONTAL LAYER

A reexamination is made of convection, induced by an applied temperatu re gradient inclined to the vertical, in a shallow horizontal layer, T he horizontal component of this gradient induces a Hadley circulation, which becomes unstable when the vertical component is sufficiently la rge. A linear stability analysis is carried out, for the case of rigid conducting horizontal boundaries, in terms of horizontal and vertical Rayleigh numbers, R(H) and R(V), respectively. This analysis is valid for any Prandtl number, Pr, and incorporates the case, R(V) = 0. The differential equation system is solved using a direct Galerkin approxi mation. This is convenient for numerical calculations in the parameter range of interest and also enables some general results to be obtaine d analytically. The results confirm and extend those of previous inves tigators.