Hu. Nickel et J. Halbritter, DAMAGE AND EROSION AT CERAMIC WINDOWS DUE TO HIGH-POWER MILLIMETER WAVES, International journal of infrared and millimeter waves, 15(4), 1994, pp. 651-664
The damage that occurs at alumina windows of high-power millimeter wav
e gyrotrons operating in TE0,n mode is investigated. This damage appea
rs only on the air side of the window where it yields small spot-like
features (diameter < 1 mm) and circular ''melting'' patterns (diameter
> 1 cm). The damage observed is thought to be related to rf field enh
ancements by resonances of trapped electromagnetic modes and by protru
sions and contaminations of the ceramic surface.