Contemporary geography has two major components - physical and human -
often studied in relation to one another. Physical geographic researc
h is generally conducted within the Newtonian paradigm, while recogniz
ing computational limits leading ultimately to chaotic non-predictabil
ity. In contrast, human geographic research has many paradigmic perspe
ctives, ranging from highly quantitative and theoretical stances to st
rongly humanistic concerns. Many of these are reflected in the technic
al and philosophical currents informing research in cartography. Geogr
aphic research today is characterized by openness to adjacent fields.
Humanistically informed research is strongly affected by postmodern tr
ends in literacy theory, cultural studies and intellectual history, wh
ile injury in the social scientific tradition connects closely to adva
nces in statistical and mathematical modelling. Most research, no matt
er what the informing perspective, brings a distinctly spatial viewpoi
nt to bear on topics also approached by others. It is this distinctive
geographic awareness of place, defined in relation to structured spac
es, that forms the core of the research contribution. In a resurgence
of 'spatio-temporal' awareness, geographic education has a vital role
to play in environmental and planning areas.