Florid basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate is an uncommon prolifera
tive condition, most often associated with adenomatous hyperplasia. It
is considered a benign lesion although confusion with prostatic cance
r is possible when one is not familiar with the histopathological appe
arance. We report another two cases of the glandular type of basal cel
l hyperplasia with immunohistochemical findings. Both lesions were com
posed of crowded and rather small glands with piling up of basaloid ce
lls. They showed immunohistochemical positivity for high molecular wei
ght cytokeratin 34 beta E12, confirming their relationship with basal
cells. We detected focal positivity of these basal cells for alpha-smo
oth muscle actin, suggesting myoepithelial differentiation. Paucity of
actin-positive smooth muscle cells in the stroma was noticed. One of
the lesions showed some mild cytological atypia with prominent nucleol
i and increased mitotic activity.