Vg. Springer et Ml. Bauchot, IDENTIFICATION OF THE TAXA XENOCEPHALIDAE, XENOCEPHALUS, AND X-ARMATUS (OSTEICHTHYES, URANOSCOPIDAE), Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107(1), 1994, pp. 79-89
Xenocephalinae Kaup, 1858 (currently recognized as a valid family), is
a junior synonym of Uranoscopidae (dating from at least 1832; no subf
amilies recognized). Xenocephalus Kaup, 1858, is a senior synonym of t
he currently recognized genus Gnathagnus Gill, 1861. Xenocephalus arma
tus Kaup, 1858, is a senior synonym of the currently recognized specie
s Gnathagnus innotabilis Waite, 1904. A neotype is designated for Xeno
cephalus armatus, which was erroneously described from New Ireland, bu
t in fact was based on a specimen from New Zealand.