Whilst treating a patient with traumatic direct carotico-cavernous fis
tula, pain relief was difficult to achieve. Adequate doses of ibuprofe
n and codeine were ineffective, but single doses of ketoprofen allevia
ted pain in a reproducible manner. Although similar in analgesic effic
acy to codeine, and a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase like ibuprofe
n, ketoprofen has other actions which may account for the differential
response seen. This observation may help elucidate the nature of loca
l mediators involved in the pathogenesis of vascular headache pain.