TEMPLATE-CONSTRAINED CYCLIC-PEPTIDES - DESIGN OF HIGH-AFFINITY LIGANDS FOR GPIIB IIIA/

Although peptides adopt a large ensemble of conformations in aqueous s olution, they are generally believed to bind to a receptor in a unique conformation. Thus, there is considerable interest in devising method s to restrict the conformational freedom of peptides. One such approac h involves tying the amino and carboxy terminal ends of the peptide on to a semirigid template that will lock the intervening peptide backbon e into a single conformer or a family of related conformers. This gene ral strategy has been tested using the tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), which binds with low affinity to the platelet glycoprotein IIb /IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa or alpha(IIb)beta(3)) Mimics of RGD are of interest as antithrombotics because of their ability to inhibit the aggregation of platelets. Prior to this study, other workers (Samanen et al. J. M ed. Chem. 1991, 34, 3114-3125) prepared a disulfide-containing cyclic pentapeptide that bound to GPIIb/IIIa with an affinity of approximatel y 0.1 mu M. NMR analysis of the solution conformation of this peptide suggested that replacing the disulfide-containing portion of the cycle with the amino acid m-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid would lead to a more rigid structure. Indeed, introduction of this template into a cyclic R OD-containing peptide resulted in compounds with high affinity for the receptor. Further, systematic inclusion of additional conformational constraints in the form of N-alpha- and C-alpha-alkyl groups led to a peptide with an affinity of approximately 100 pM for binding to the re ceptor. This peptide also showed good activity in the platelet aggrega tion assay at oral doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg.