We apply the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral to solve the dif
fracted fields of periodically phase-modulated apertures. We show that
the diffraction of small phase modulated apertures (with few refracti
ve index modulation periods) behaves as for phase gratings, but the sh
arp diffraction peaks may already appear in the Fresnel region behind
the aperture. Thus, these components may serve as lensless miniature i
nterconnection gratings in micro-optics.