The positive real lemma (also called the Kalman-Yacubovich-Popov lemma
) characterizes the positive realness of the transfer function matrix
of a linear dynamic system by algebraic conditions. In the case of a p
ole-zero cancellation appearing in the transfer function matrix, or in
other words, missing the assumptions of controllability and observabi
lity, there exist generalized versions, which are discussed and proven
applying the Kalman canonical decomposition.