The state-of-the-art research in this volume is based on complex, mult
idimensional conceptions of poverty. Current research goes beyond desc
ription to emphasize analysis of processes by which effects occur and
variations in effects associated with race, gender, and ethnicity. Chi
ld care, school, neighborhood, and community are studied as well as fa
mily contexts. The child outcomes investigated include both intellectu
al development and socioemotional functioning. It is multidisciplinary
, using a broad range of analytic frameworks and research methods from
economics, sociology, health, psychology, and other disciplines. In t
his introduction, the overall research trends are described, and new q
uestions for future research are identified.