A high energy photoelectron diffraction (XPD) study of Si(001) at diff
erent temperatures reveals that at about 1400 K a surface phase transi
tion occurs. It has been identified as being an incomplete melting tra
nsition. The thickness of the liquid film is estimated to be about 2 a
ngstrom (or two atomic layers) on the basis of single-scattering clust
er calculations.