UNDERSTANDING THE CD4 MOLECULE - SURFACE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION

Surface expression of the CD4 glycoprotein molecule is postulated to f acilitate antigen recognition through the T cell receptor (TCR) and is itself a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-gp120 glycop rotein. Both antigen-stimulated TCR activation and HIV infectivity can be blocked by whole anti-CD4 antibodies. Although selective modulatio n of CD4 from the surface by gangliosides (GM1) blocks HIV infectivity , it enhances associated TCR function. Enhanced TCR function has also been observed after intracellular delivery of synthetic CD4 mRNA-antis ense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that block de novo synthesis of CD4. These specific CD4 modulations were mechanistically different from one another yet they both selectively removed the CD4 molecule from the T cell surface and enhanced antigen-stimulated function through the TCR . The proposed role of CD4 during TCR function and HIV infectivity was developed, in part, according to decreases following CD4 antagonism b y whole antibody or down-modulation of CD4 by phorbol-stimulated prote in kinase C activity. Selective CD4 modulations have independently red efined the specific contributions of CD4 surface expression during T c ell activation and may establish a role for CD4 receptor subtypes duri ng HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) cells. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.