RENAL-FAILURE IN SICKLE-CELL-ANEMIA

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the ultimate consequence of damage t o the renal microvasculature by the sickle red cell. Progression to ES RD starts with the onset of hyposthenuria, leading to an increase in g lomerular filtration rate (GFR). Progressive glomerulosclerosis is mar ked by proteinuria and a decreased GFR. This age-associated cumulative deterioration can be modulated with appropriate therapy, but not tota lly prevented.