G. Werner et al., NUCLEAR-CYTOPLASMIC EXCHANGE DURING SPERMATOGENESIS OF GRYLLOTALPA AFRICANA L (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLIDAE), Journal of submicroscopic cytology and pathology, 26(2), 1994, pp. 219-227
During spermatogenesis of Gryllotalpa africana nuclear-cytoplasmic exc
hange takes place both in spermatocytes and in spermatids. In spermato
cytes I emission of nuclear material begins before onset of meiosis wi
th small amounts of electron-dense material which is distributed as nu
age between mitochondria. During meiosis electron-dense material aroun
d the nuclear envelope increases continuously reaching its culmination
in late stages. While nuage between mitochondria disappears the emitt
ed material aggregates to large granules which are transferred to sper
matids. In young spermatids the granules are associated with stacks of
parallel endoplasmic cisternae, between which their material seems to
be distributed. A second type of electron-dense material, the chromat
oid body, appears connected with a many pores containing area of the e
nvelope at the apical pole of the nucleus. It is intermingled with ele
ments of endoplasmic reticulum and always in close association with a
lysosomal complex. After disconnection from the nucleus the chromatoid
body, together with the lysosomal complex, moves to the caudal pole o
f the nucleus where it finally disappears. Thus, in Gryllotalpa, there
is a clear temporal and spatial separation which makes it possible to
follow origin and later fate of granule and chromatoid body independe
ntly from each other.