Faced with a lack of external confirmatory data and basing their judgm
ents on sometimes dubious evidence, psychoanalytic clinicians are face
d with a need to establish criteria on which to base decisions regardi
ng historic truth, however lacking in certainty. This report, not a ch
aracteristic case history, endeavors to establish some standards that
may enable analysts to decide between historic and psychic reality. Da
ta from a case of ''true-false'' memory syndrome will be presented to
illustrate both the problem and tentative attempts at solution.