Most programmes to improve institutions in Africa have concentrated on
the supply of inputs to formal organizations. Equally important, but
often neglected, is the demand for institutional output. Demand is exe
rcised by stakeholders (internal and external constituencies with an i
nterest in an organization). This paper uses Nigeria's experience with
agricultural technology organizations to examine the ineffectiveness
of supply-oriented institutional development, as opposed to strategies
in which demand (especially of clientele) also figures prominently. I
t shows, however, that the mobilization of demand may be infeasible if
the national political environment does not ease interest group activ
ity.