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A recently published study((1)) has identified a set of candidate gene s for human diseases based on findings from Drosophila. Each human exp ressed sequence tag (EST) in a large database was compared with all kn own Drosophila genes. After eliminating matches between genes of alrea dy known function, the remaining sequences were mapped in the human ge nome. In each region, the phenotypes of all known human diseases were compared with the phenotypes of known Drosophila mutations in order to identify candidate genes for the human diseases. Are the corresponden ces real or coincidental?