The expression of human lactoferrin (hLF) in the milk of transgenic mi
ce is described. Regulatory sequences derived from the bovine alpha S1
-casein gene were fused to the coding sequence of the hLF cDNA and sev
eral lines of transgenic mice were generated. Human LF RNA was detecte
d exclusively in the mammary gland of lactating females and only after
the onset of lactation. No aberrant RNA products could be detected us
ing northern blotting and primer extension analysis. The hLF concentra
tions in the milk ranged from less than 0.1 to 36 mu g ml(-1). Human L
F thus expressed did not differ from human milk derived LF, with respe
ct to molecular mass and immunoreactivity with monoclonal and polyclon
al antibodies.