The paper discusses the role of small-scale mining in economic develop
ment. In particular, it focuses on the problems of managing small-scal
e mining for countries facing economic difficulties where the black ec
onomy operates alongside the official economy. The paper suggests an i
ncentive scheme to deal with illegal operations. It also proposes a sp
ecial financial and fiscal regime for small-scale mining to ensure tha
t it is a productive and viable activity. The paper suggests that the
role of governments in small-scale mining is an active one without any
equity participation. It discusses some of the areas in which governm
ent can assist in small-scale mining.