Pr. Schunk et Rr. Rao, FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT 2-PHASE FLOWS WITH INTERPHASE MASS AND MOMENTUM TRANSPORT, International journal for numerical methods in fluids, 18(9), 1994, pp. 821-842
The application of the finite element method to multiphase flow proble
ms with interphase mass and heat transfer is described. A general form
ulation is used that determines the position of the interfacial bounda
ry and allows for multiple solvents, differential volatilities and con
centration- and temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. Speci
es phase change and the dramatic volume change that accompanies interp
hase mass transfer make implementation of the theory challenging, sinc
e these events lead to discontinuous velocities and concentrations at
phase boundaries. These discontinuities are especially large in proces
ses involving rapid evaporation or condensation. As examples we examin
e the effects of rapid drying on film and fibre formation of sol-gel m
aterials, which are often laden with volatile species.