The most common surgical procedure performed on llamas is castration.
There are several methods of castrating a llama, the most frequent bei
ng one where the veterinarian makes two skin incisions in the scrotal
skin and excises the testicles. While this method is quite successful,
an alternative method has been developed that is more aesthetically p
leasing to owners and reduces the risk of postoperative infections and
swelling. This technique is described in detail here.