The performance of a Tm :YVO4 laser has been optimized by varying the
thickness of the laser crystal and the reflectivity of the output coup
ler. This has led to the measurement of a slope efficiency of 48% for
the laser output. Formulas describing the saturation of the pump and t
he upper laser level in the presence of up-conversion loss have been d
eveloped. Fitting of the experimental data to the saturation curves ca
lculated using these formulas has yielded an up-conversion rate consta
nt from F-3(4) to H-3(5) of 2 . 10(-18) cm3 s-1.