RATES OF PARASITISM BY NATURAL ENEMIES OF A SOLITARY BEE, DIEUNOMIA-TRIANGULIFERA (HYMENOPTERA, COLEOPTERA AND DIPTERA) IN RELATION TO PHENOLOGIES

Variation over three years in phenological patterns of parasites Heter ostylum croceum, Rhipiphorus solidaginus, Triepeolus distinctus, Zodio n fulvifrons, and a mutillid wasp (probably Pseudomethoca sanborni) wh ich attacked brood, the stored food, or adults of a solitary ground-ne sting bee, Dieunomia triangulifera, showed that the emergence of paras ites was synchronized with the nest provisioning activity of their hos ts in two years (1989 and 1991), but not in 1990 when bees delayed nes t provisioning behavior due to unfavorable edaphic conditions. Overall rates of parasitism based on emergence trap data are not tightly corr elated with emergence synchrony, nor with the relative abundance of ad ult parasites from the previous year.