Evidence that students and practitioners in business organizations app
roach problems differently has raised questions concerning the validit
y of using students as subjects in research. This issue was addressed
by presenting both students and practitioners with planning problems d
iffering in environmental volatility, system adaptation, and planning
requirements. Different combinations of these factors produced 12 dist
inct planning situations. Eight information-processing strategies were
identified that have been described in the literature as planning too
ls. Each aid has been prescribed as being more appropriate for use in
some planning situations than in others. The present study tested hypo
theses that planners would use the information-processing aids prescri
bed for specific situations and that students and practitioners would
approach the problems differently. Results indicated that the use of i
nformation-processing aids did not correspond closely to the theoretic
al prescriptions. Other implicit theories may have been operating, and
the implicit theories used by students may have been different from t
hose used by practitioners.