THE ROLE OF TURFGRASSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL-PROTECTION AND THEIR BENEFITS TO HUMANS

Turfgrasses have been utilized by humans to enhance their environment for more than 10 centuries. The complexity and comprehensiveness of th ese environmental benefits that improve our quality-of-life are just n ow being quantitatively documented through research. Turfgrass benefit s may be divided into (i) functional, (ii) recreational, and (iii) aes thetic components. Specific functional benefits include: excellent soi l erosion control and dust stabilization thereby protecting a vital so il resource; improved recharge and quality protection of groundwater, plus flood control; enhanced entrapment and biodegradation of syntheti c organic compounds; soil improvement that includes CO2 conversion; ac celerated restoration of disturbed soils; substantial urban heat dissi pation-temperature moderation; reduced noise, glare, and visual pollut ion problem; decreased noxious pests and allergy-related pollens; safe ty in vehicle operation on roadsides and engine longevity on airfields ; lowered fire hazards via open, green turfed firebreaks; and improved security of sensitive installations provided by high visibility zones . The recreational benefits include a low-cost surface for outdoor spo rt and leisure activities, enhanced physical health of participants, a nd a unique low-cost cushion against personal impact injuries. The aes thetic benefits include enhanced beauty and attractiveness; a complime ntary relationship to the total landscape ecosystem of flowers, shrubs and trees; improved mental health with a positive therapeutic impact, social harmony and stability; improved work productivity; and an over all better quality-of-life, especially in densely populated urban area s.