SYNTHESIS OF NEW ALKYL MALEATES AMMONIUM DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USES IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

The synthesis of several ammonium derivatives of maleic acid diesters are reported. The starting material is the hemiester of maleic acid, e asily obtained from ring opening of the maleic anhydride. The hemieste r is submitted to functionalization with an aminated compound, followe d by quaternarization with the convenient alkylation reagent. Products crystallize easily and yields are generally high. They have been full y characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR and the CMC have been measured. So me of them have been engaged in emulsion polymerization with styrene o r methyl methacrylate. Maleates functionalized with quaternary ammoniu m salts yield polystyrene particle sizes around 30 nm with a narrow si ze distribution without adding ally additional emulsifier.