The 1992 presidential campaign, especially its presidential debates, p
roduced cognitive, affective, and emotive effects which the Cognigraph
ics research method was able to distinguish. George Bush's campaign de
cline was dramatically etched in respondent cognitions. Bill Clinton s
urvived early emotion and continuing affective disadvantage to win the
election on what seemed clearly cognitive grounds-the country's need
for a change by someone seen as capable of changing things. Ross Perot
was strongly criticized for dropping out of the race, but his debate
performance turned around his affective picture, even though responden
ts seemed unconvinced that he was capable of making the needed changes
.