SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS AND IN-VITRO CLEAVAGE OF SYNTHETIC HUMAN SYNAPTOBREVIN-II-1-93 BY TETANUS TOXIN-L CHAIN

A 93-residue peptide corresponding to the cytosolic domain of a human vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP or synaptobrevin) has been p repared by solid-phase peptide synthesis in order to investigate the p roteolytic activity of the tetanus toxin light chain (TeTx L chain). T his protein has been recently reported to inactivate the neuronal rat synaptobrevin II by proteolysis. We show in this study that the synthe tic human synaptobrevin II 1-93 (Syb II 1-93) as well as an N-terminus -shortened 69-residue peptide (Syb II 25-93) were cleaved selectively at the Gln76-Phe77 peptide bond by TeTx L chain while shorter peptides were not. A Michaelis constant K, 192+/-2 mu M and a catalytic consta nt k(cat) = 0.5 min(-1) were found for the 93-residue peptide. A neutr al optimum pH for the cleavage rate, an inhibition by preincubation of the toxin with well known nonspecific inhibitors of metallopeptidases as well as a zinc-dependent enzyme activity suggest that TeTx belongs to the zinc endopeptidase family. Moreover an activation by reducing agents and an inhibition by cysteine-modifying chemical reagents indic ate a critical thiol dependency. Among several specific inhibitors of zinc endopeptidases tested, none could inhibit TeTx L chain even at hi gh concentration. Structural studies by 600-MHz H-1-NMR showed that in water or dimethylsulfoxide the peptide Syb II 1-93 and shorter fragme nts did not present well defined conformations. Nevertheless protein-p rotein interactions have been shown for the peptides Syb II 1-93 and 2 5-93 but not for Syb II 51-93, a fragment not cleaved by TeTx L chain.