LACK OF INSIGHT IN PSYCHOTIC AND AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS - A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL-STUDIES

In patients with psychotic or affective disorders, lack of insight is often a vexing clinical problem. However, it has infrequently been sub jected to formal study. We have reviewed clinical psychiatric studies on insight in psychotic and affective disorders, selecting those that evaluated insight for each patient and presented the data in some quan titative fashion. Almost all studies focused on schizophrenia, with li ttle research present on affective disorders. Definitions of insight v aried among studies, as did diagnostic methods and other measures. Des pite these limitations, several conclusions emerged. First, insight is not a unitary entity but has several dimensions, such as insight into symptoms and insight into need for treatment. Second, although insigh t may be poorer in patients with more-severe psychopathology, it does not always improve when psychopathological symptoms do. Third, insight is associated with medication compliance, prognosis, voluntary versus involuntary admission, and cultural concepts of disease. Fourth, insi ght into illness, need for treatment, or delusions may respond to cogn itive and psychoeducational methods of treatment. To augment these fin dings, we suggest further avenues of research on insight.