EFFECTS OF ROW SPACING AND SEED RATES ON GRAIN-YIELD AND PROPERTIES OF WINTER-WHEAT SEED

In 1989 to 1993, exact small-plot field experiments were established t o evaluate the influence of row spacing, seed rates and nitrogen nutri tion on the yield arid properties of winter wheat seed (Livis variety) on degraded Chernozem with 2.0% of organic matter and pH of 6.9 to 7. 1. In a view of climatic conditions, relatively unfavourable years wer e estimated in that we observed a considerable rainfall deficit by sim ultaneously temperature raising as compared to normal values. The clim atic conditions are presented in Figs 1 to 6 in estimated years with l aying stress upon the rainfall deficit period. The reached yield was i nfluenced by the estimated factors in mutual interactions. The grain y ield obtained by using 90 kg N.ha-1 was 6.21 t.ha-1 and higher (6.26 t .ha-1), though not statistically significant at 120 kg N.ha-1 (Tab. I) . According to our notice, the energy germination depressed by a highe r mte of nitrogen (Tab. II). The most favourable grain yield results w ere obtained under interaction of higher rate of applied nitrogen with seed rates of 4.C and 5.0 mil. of emerged grains per 1 ha. In a view of economic evaluation lower rates of nitrogen were the most effective according to the seed rates of 3.0 and 4.0 mil. of emerged grains per 1 ha interaction (Tab. III). The higher seed rates were well used by the Livia variety in spite of its poorer tillering ability. The effect obtained from the yield increase by using the higher seed rate was ne gatively influenced by raising the prices for the indispensable seeds. Significant differences in yields were found out by using various row spacings (Hd0.05 = 0.23). The average yields over several years were 6.37, 6.26, 6.23 and 6.09 t.ha-1 at row spacings of 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 a nd 0.15 m, respectively. By evaluation of common influence for row spa cing and sown seeds we noticed the yield increasing at all plant row s pacings. In a view of economic evaluation the most favourable results were obtained at row spacing of 0.06 m in interaction of 90 kg.ha-1 fo r nitrogen level.