T. Riemer et al., SUPERACID PROPERTIES OF SULFATED ZIRCONIA AS MEASURED BY RAMAN AND H-1 MBS NMR-SPECTROSCOPY, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (10), 1994, pp. 1181-1182
Large H-1 chemical shifts are suggestive of protonic superacidity of s
ulfated zirconia catalysts, this property being related to the structu
re of surface sulfate species.