The characteristic voltage V(f) of different programmed metal-to-metal
antifuses was measured and found to be nearly independent of the elec
trode materials. An electrothermal model, used previously to predict p
rogrammed silicon-electrode antifuse resistance, was extended to expla
in the above phenomenon. The metal-to-metal antifuse resistance vs. th
e programming current is governed by the Wiedeman-Franz Law.