Serum hepatitis is the most common cause of acute hepatic failure in h
orses, and has been associated with the administration of biologics of
equine origin, especially tetanus antitoxin. Lactating mares appear t
o be at a higher risk for development of serum hepatitis than are othe
r horses; however, this may only reflect the common practice of admini
stering tetanus antitoxin to mares at the time of parturition. Althoug
h serum hepatitis usually is associated with severe hepatic failure an
d death, less severe or atypical manifestations of the disease may be
possible.