4 CASES OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY IN 2 FAMILIES

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly, caused by abnormal dev elopment of the cloacal membrane. To our knowledge, 18 familial patien ts with this malformation have been described. Two sets of familial ca ses with bladder exstrophy are reported here: two cousins and a mother and son and the published. reports of the 18 familial cases among 682 index patients with bladder exstrophy are reviewed. Ultrasonography i s advocated as the investigation of choice for early prenatal diagnosi s.