The authors report a case of aortic native endocarditis in a 48-year-o
ld man due to Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei which occured after a t
ooth extraction without any antibiotic prophylaxis. The association of
a beta-lactam antibiotic and aminoglycoside exhibits an in vitro syne
rgism and the patient was cured under this antibiotic association. Six
teen other cases of L. casei endocarditis have been described in the l
iterature and mentioned in this paper.