F. Chen et al., ON THE CHARGE-EXCITATION GAP OF THE 2D HALF-FILLED HUBBARD-MODEL - A QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO STUDY, Physics letters. A, 189(1-2), 1994, pp. 99-102
Using the grand canonical quantum Monte Carlo method, we calculate the
double occupancy and the specific heat of the half-filled two-dimensi
onal Hubbard model. The results show that, as the temperature is incre
ased, the electronic structure can hardly be regarded as consisting of
two rigid bands, and midgap states are created which reduce the charg
e-excitation gap.